Syntax: Role & Permission Types To understand file permission you must know about Roles and Permission types. There are three types of roles available in Linux systems (User, Group, and Others). Each role has 3 types of permissions (Read, Write, and Execute). Roles: User (Owner) Group (All group members) Other (All other users Permissions: Read (r) – Member can read the file content or List files in a directory Write (w) – Member can write content to file or Create, list, rename, delete file in a directory Execute (x) –< Member can execute any file like sheel script or enter to the directory, and access files and directories...

Lifecycle of Debain 9 Stretch The Debian development team is making hard work to make the final release out. Finally, they reach near to its release date. On Nov 09, 2014 its codename was announced. Below is the lifecycle of Debian 9 before the release. About release date Debian Release Management says As always, Debian 9 “Stretch” will be released “when it’s ready”. Upgrade to Debian 9 Stretch: Visit following tutorial to upgrade from Debian 8 Jessie to Debian 9 Stretch....

Github actions allows you to automate, customize, and execute your software development workflows right in your repository. It is the best way to create and maintain a Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) lifecyle for your application. We assume you already have pushed your application to Github repository. Let’s start with the configuration of Github actions. Step 1 – Create Github Action Login to your Github account and access your repository. In your repository click on Actions tab, then click “set up a workflow yourself” link....

How to Capture Screenshot of Webpage Using Google Chrome Requirements: You must be using Google Chrome 59 or later version. With the Google Chrome version 59, it’s only available for MAC OS and Linux users. Windows users still have to wait for some time. Create PDF with Google Chrome: Use the following google-chrome command with –print-to-pdf switch to create pdf of any web page. The output file will be created in the current directory with name output....

Sysstat Utilities The sysstat package provides a number of utilities for collecting the system use activities and system performance. iostat – Used for CPU statistics and input/output statistics for the block devices and partitions and generate report. mpstat – Used for processor related statistics and reports. pidstat – Used for I/O, CPU, memory statistics for Linux processes and generate report. tapestat – Used for the statistics for tape drives attached to Linux system....

Step 1 – Prerequsities Let’s start the installation of Node.js on your macOS system using Homebrew. So first update the Homebrew package manager index. Then you can install Node.js package in your MacOS system using the following command: You have successfully installed Node.js on your system. Execute below command on the terminal to view the installed Node.js version info. Step 2 – Install Angular/CLI on macOS After installing the Node.js and npm on your system, use the following commands to install the Angular CLI tool on your system globally....

Recommended: Setup Ionic Framework on Ubuntu, Debian, and LinuxMint for open-source SDK for hybrid mobile app development Step 1 – Installing Node.js First, use the following commands to install NPM and Node.js on your system. In below commands, the first command will install some required packages on the system. The second command will add PPA for node.js to your system. After that update, your all attached PPA and last command will install Node....

The latest Linux operating systems have default installed this tool. But some of the minimal installation may not contain this tool in your system. In that case, this tutorial will help you to install netstat command on Linux system. How to Install netstat Command in Linux Generally the net-tools package provides the netstat command for most of the popular Linux distributions. Use one of the below command to install the netstat command on your system....

A PyCharm snap package is available for Ubuntu users. Which is the preferred way for the packages installation on Ubuntu 20.04 systems recommended by the Ubuntu team. This tutorial describes how to install PyCharm in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux systems. Prerequisites Login with a sudo privileged account on your Ubuntu system. Then, launch a terminal from all applications or use CTRL+ALT+T shortcut keys. Step 1 – Install PyCharm on Ubuntu 20....

This tutorial will help you with the installation of Python 3.10 on all Fedora versions and CentOS/RHEL 8 Linux systems. The tutorial will compile and install Python 3.10 source code on your system. Prerequisites The system must have a pre-installed GCC compiler on your system. In order to install all required packages, Login to your server using ssh or shell access, and execute the following command to install all prerequisites for Python....

How to Install Visual Studio Code Editor in Ubuntu & Debian How to Install Visual Studio Code Editor in SEL & openSUSE Step 1 – Enable Yum Repository Visual Studio Code provides an official yum repository for the installation of packages on a Yum-supported system. The same repository can be used for Fedora systems to use with DNF. Let’s create a new file /etc/yum.repos.d/vscode.repo and edit in your favorite text editor....

Simple SQL Injection Example For example, A have a website for Bank. You have provided a web interface to bank customers to view their account number and balance. Your Bank website uses URL like http://example.com/get_account_details.php?account_id=102 to fetch details from the database. For example get_account_details.php have code something like below. Customers accountId is passed through query string as account_id. Like above Url, if a user’s account id 102 and it passed in the query string....

Read this: How to Install Magento2 on Ubuntu According to several types of research, 16% of the top 100,000 eCommerce websites are using Magento, 22% if we also include Magento Enterprise. And WooCommerce comes in at a close second with 12%. Even Google trends agree with the fact that the activity around Magento is still very high, since its official release in 2008. Now good performance is a key aspect of a successful e-commerce project....

find – Is a Linux/Unix command DIR_NAME – A directory path to search for. Use dot (.) to start search from current directory -type f – Search for files only (do not include directories) Pipe (|) – Pipe sends output of one command as input to other command wc -l – Count number of lines in result Count files within current directory Use the following command to count the number of available files under the current directory....

In this tutorial, we will discuss a few methods to calculate the sum of the two numbers in a bash script. Bash – Adding Two Numbers The expr is the command-line utility used for evaluating mathematical expressions. Bash shell also supports evaluating the mathematical expressions directly. Use the following syntax to calculate the sum of two integers in a shell script: Using expr command with quotessum=expr $num1 + $num2 Use expr command inclosed with brackets and start with dollar symbol....

When talked technically about JavaScript, it has been credited with full points considering the fact that it is backed by the presence of several useful free JavaScript libraries and plugins to work flexibly. These free JS plugins, libraries, and effects can be used extensively by the web developers to add in their projects. These useful components can also be used for creating menu animations, typography effects, sliders, preloaders, modal windows effects, content filters, and more....

The Top Command The top command can help you monitor processes, view information about your computer, and more. Top commands are especially useful if you need to troubleshoot problems with your computer or optimize its performance. Let’s take a look at some of these top commands and how they can be used by Linux users. Open a terminal on your system and just type “top” and hit Enter. You will see the running processes and other resource utilization details:...

In this article, we will introduce you to these various uses of the cd command in Linux and become familiar with its most common usages. Syntax: Before continuing, you should get a basic understanding of the absolute vs relative paths in Linux. Absolute Path is the full path of directory and always starts with / in Linux system. For example: /tmp, /usr/bin, /var/www etc. Relative Path is the partial path of any directory or subdirectory....

This tutorial explains, how to disable HTTP methods for an apache web server. Disable HTTP Methods in Apache Create a “.htaccess” file under the document root directory and add the following code. Make sure that the Apache rewrite module and .htaccess are enabled. The above configuration will disable HEAD, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, TRACK, and OPTIONS methods. Next, restart the Apache webserver to apply changes. Verify Setup You can verify changes using the curl command line utility....

So, it will be good to upgrade ourselves and start using the signed-by for maintaining the GPG keys and for the repositories. In this article, we will discuss, how securely import the GPG repository signing keys to the Ubuntu, Debian, Linux Mint and Pop!_OS, etc. Configuring GPG Key Without apt-key You can download the OpenPGP key on your system using the wget or curl command. Then dearmor the Key and save it to your system....